Experiencing altered bowel movements during menstruation is a common occurrence.
Menstrual cycles often bring symptoms such as bloating, cramps, and changes in bowel habits. Many individuals report diarrhea during their period (often called “period poops”). We consulted medical professionals to understand the causes and effective management strategies for these menstrual cycle-related stomach issues.
What causes “period poops”?
In the one to two weeks before menstruation, constipation and bloating are frequent. This is because the body releases more progesterone (in anticipation of potential pregnancy), which relaxes the gut muscles, slowing down the gastrointestinal system, explains Dr. Wendi LeBrett, a gastroenterologist in Idaho. However, when menstruation begins, progesterone levels drop. “This is like releasing the brakes,” says LeBrett. “Suddenly, what was slowing down the gut is gone, leading to increased gut motility.”
Concurrently, the body produces more prostaglandins, hormone-like substances, during menstruation, according to LeBrett. Prostaglandins trigger uterine contractions, aiding in shedding the uterine lining and potentially causing cramps. However, they also affect gut muscle contraction and relaxation, LeBrett notes, potentially leading to more frequent bowel movements and loose stools or diarrhea, adds Dr. Karen Tang, a gynecologist and author of It’s Not Hysteria, a book on reproductive health.
How can you ease stomach problems associated with your period?
For pre-menstrual constipation, LeBrett recommends insoluble fiber, found in leafy greens. If experiencing diarrhea during menstruation, she suggests soluble fiber, such as that in bananas and oatmeal. Many fruits and vegetables contain both types of fiber.
Ibuprofen, a prostaglandin inhibitor, can alleviate both period cramps and irregular bowel movements, says LeBrett. However, she cautions against frequent use or taking it on an empty stomach, as this can increase the risk of stomach ulcers.
So are “period poops” normal?
Yes. However, both LeBrett and Tang advise seeking medical attention if symptoms are severe. “If something impacts your quality of life, that’s not normal,” says Tang.
Severe diarrhea, painful bowel movements, or blood in the stool warrant a doctor’s visit. These more serious symptoms might indicate other conditions, such as endometriosis or a gastrointestinal problem.
“If you notice [period poops] cyclically, coinciding with your period, that aligns with menstrual cycle changes,” says LeBrett. “However, if diarrhea is chronic, perhaps slightly worse during your period but present on other days, consult a doctor.”